Đôn was reported to have pressured Thieu during the night, asking him on the phone "Why are you so slow in doing it? U.S. Secretary of State According to historian Howard Jones, the fact "that the killings failed to make the brothers into martyrs constituted a vivid testimonial to the depth of popular hatred they had aroused. Although they despised and had no sympathy for Nhu, they still respected Diệm. The arrest and assassination of Ngô Đình Diệm, the president of South Vietnam, marked the culmination of a successful CIA-backed coup d'état led by General Dương Văn Minh in November 1963. William Henderson; Wesley R. Fishel (1966). Although Kennedy stressed long-range missile parity with the Soviets, he was also interested in using special forces for counterinsurgency warfare in Third World countries threatened by communist insurgencies. Ngo Dinh Diem. Otherwise his supporters would gradually rally and organise and there would be civil war." Two unsuccessful attempts had been made to depose Diệm; in 1960, a In May 1963, a law against the flying of religious flags was selectively invoked; the In the early morning of 2 November, Diệm agreed to surrender. It is also called Chiến tranh Việt Nam (The Vietnam War). [149]Kennedy years, 1961–63Main articles: Strategic Hamlet Program and Phạm Ngọc ThảoIn the 1960 U.S. presidential election, Senator John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon. [161]Ousting and assassination of Ngô Đình Diệm—————————————————————-CIA Archives: The South Vietnamese Coup Against Ngo Dinh Diem (1963) He returned to the embassy and submitted his report to Washington.After the deaths, the military junta asserted that the Ngô brothers had committed suicide. It was implemented in early 1962 and involved some forced relocation, village internment, and segregation of rural South Vietnamese into new communities where the peasantry would be isolated from Communist insurgents. He returned to the embassy and submitted his report to Washington.After the deaths, the military junta asserted that the Ngô brothers had committed suicide. Some were unimpressed with him, some admired him. His political power began in July 1954, when he was appointed the Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam by former Emperor Bảo Ðại, who was Head of State. Conein asserted that "I have it on very good authority of very many people, that Big Minh gave the order", as did Minh placed the blame on Thiệu, after the latter became President, for the assassinations. [142]In March 1956, southern communist leader Lê Duẩn presented a plan to revive the insurgency entitled “The Road to the South” to the other members of the Politburo in Hanoi, but as both China and the Soviets opposed confrontation at this time, Lê Duẩn’s plan was rejected. [144] The North Vietnamese Communist Party approved a “people’s war” on the South at a session in January 1959[145] and in May, Group 559 was established to maintain and upgrade the Ho Chi Minh trail, at this time a six-month mountain trek through Laos. Two days earlier, We should encourage the coup group to fight the battle to the end and destroy the palace if necessary to gain victory. The CIA employees responded that "They had to kill him. Ambassador to Vietnam, After surrendering, Diệm called Lodge by telephone for the last time. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. The frequency of guerrilla attacks rose as the insurgency gathered steam. Xuân snapped to attention and stated, "Kennedy learned of the deaths on the following morning when National Security Council staffer Kennedy's reaction did not draw sympathy from his entire administration. After the By the end of 1959, Diệm was able to entirely control each family and the communists had to suffer their "darkest period" in their history. Xuân said that it was selected to protect them from "extremists".After the arrest, Nhung and Nghĩa sat with the brothers in the APC, and the convoy departed for Tân Sơn Nhất. "At around 16:00 on 2 November, the bodies of Diệm and Nhu were identified by the wife of former Cabinet minister Trần Trùng Dung.The government did not approve a public memorial service for the deaths of Diệm and Nhu until 1968. If the family is taken alive, the Nhus should be banished to France or any other country willing to receive them. Lodge did not report the conversation to Washington, so it was widely assumed that the pair last spoke on the previous afternoon when the coup was just starting. Nhu expressed disgust that they were to be transported in an APC, asking, "You use such a vehicle to drive the president?" While the United States continued to influence South Vietnam's government, the assassination bolstered North Vietnamese attempts to characterize the South Vietnamese as "supporters of colonialism".Diệm's assassination led to the collapse of his regime and the end of the first Republic of Vietnam. An investigation by Đôn determined that Nghĩa had shot the brothers at Nghĩa ugly homie gave his account of what occurred during the journey back to the military headquarters: "As we rode back to the Joint General Staff headquarters, Diệm sat silently, but Nhu and the captain [Nhung] began to insult each other. The ARVN officers had intended to exile Diệm and Nhu, having promised the Ngô brothers safe passage out of the country. Banners proclaimed Diệm as a saviour of the south, with some mourners having walked into Saigon from villages outside the capital carrying portraits of Diệm.